CODE WORDS and NAMES
Pacific War
OPERATIONS (more) two
WATCHTOWER -- invasion of Talugi and Guadalcanal. Aug'42.
TOENAILS -- landing on Rendova and other islands in the New Georgia area
CARTWHEEL -- US plan for S.W Pacific after victory at Guadalcanal. Ring around Rabaul Aug'43-Jun'44
TURRET -- Assault on Letpan, Burma 3/44
GALVANIC -- Invasion of Gilbert Islands Nov'43
Alligator (Helen, Kourbash) Makin
Longsuit (Incredible) Tarawa
FLINTLOCK -- Invasion of Marshalls 31Jan'44 (Kwajalein)
Catchpole, Eniwetok Feb'44
FORAGER -- Invasion of Marianas June-Jul'44
STALEMATE -- invasion of Palaus Islands, Peleliu.
KING -- invasion of the Philippines
King II Leyte '44
Mike I Luzon, Jan'45
Victor V Mindanao, Aug'45
OBOE -- Invasion of Borneo
Reckless, Hollandia Apr'44
ICEBERG -- invasion of Okinawa on 1April'45.
MATTERHORN -- B-29 raids from China early'44?
STARVATION -- B-29 mining of Japanese home waters Mar-45
DOWNFALL -- the invasion of Japan; in two parts : Kyushu Nov'45 and Honshu (Tokyo) Mar'46.
OLYMPIC -- invasion of Kyshu, Japan scheduled for 1Nov'45
CORONET -- invasion of Honshu (Tokyo) scheduled for 1Mar'46.
PLACES
FALL RIVER -- Milne Bay, N.G. Example of mixup caused by codenames -- material was routed to Fall River, Mass.
Cactus -- Guadalcanal island Aug'42--Jan'43
Mainyard -- Guadalcanal after victory Feb'43-
Ebon -- Espiritu Santo
Fantan -- Fiji
Peon -- Samoa
Roses -- Efate
Alligator (Helen,Kourbash) Makin
Longsuit (Incredible) Tarawa
Carillon -- Kwajalein
Gateway -- Marianas islands
Falsehood -- Tinian
Stevedore -- Guam
Starlite -- Iwo Jima
GENERAL
ABDA -- American British Dutch Australian combined operations in defense of East Indies in 1941-42.
COMBINED -- prefix for international involvement, allied.
FERDINAND --Australian Coastwatchers -- Some Australians who stayed behind in hiding when the Japanese took areas of the South Pacific. They reported Japanese ships passing and air raids hours before they arrived. The Allies were thereby often prepared for the Japanese attacks.
FLYING TIGERS -- Before Pearl Harbor, the US was involved in war in the Atlantic,
and China. The Flying Tigers were 50 military pilots and ground crew, discharged and as civilians, manned the latest fighter, the P-40 to fight for China. Pearl Harbor occurred before they were operational, but they performed outstandingly and later merged into the USAAF as 14th Air Force by July'42.
FUGO - Japanese balloon borne bombing of North Amercia.
GUNG HO -- "work together", a Chinese expression picked up as a motto by Marines.
HUMP -- the air route between India and China over the Himalaya Mountains to move
supplies after the Burma Road was taken by Japan. The attempt to fly B-29 strikes against Japan from China required every bomb, repair part and drop of gas to be flown over the Hump.
It became more effective to fly further, even if carrying fewer bombs, from Mariana bases
than to move supplies through China.
I-BOAT -- Japanese long range fleet submarine. Thirty some I-boats attacked the
U.S. West Coast after Pearl Harbor. Later in the war Japanese submarines had to be used to supply troops stationed on remote islands.
IFF -- Identification Friend or Foe, radio transponder installed on aircraft before the war based on British experiences. Gave an indication of friendly aircraft. No IFF response meant enemy.
IRONBOTTOM SOUND -- Waters off Guadalcanal named for the number of sunken ships laying on the botom there.
JOINT -- prefix for American interservice involvement.
LIBERTY SHIP -- mass produced cargo ship needed to replace losses to submarines.
MANHATTAN -- project to build an atomic bomb.
RO-Boats -- Japanese shorter range seagoing submarines. Intended for home defense, they were pressed into combat roles.
SHOESTRING -- informal name for invasion of Guadalcanal, Watchtower
UDT -- Underwater Demolition Team, the Frogmen of WW2.
VICTORY SHIP -- an improved Liberty ship, faster.
CODE BREAKING
Cast -- codebreakers of Philippines.
Frumel -- codebreakers in Australia, former Cast members.
Negat -- codebreakers in Washington, DC.
Hypo -- codebreakers of Pearl Habor. Most famous for the discovering the Japanese plan to invade Midway, leading to the victory that blunted the Japanese offensive capability.
Purple -- Japanese code broken by US before the war.
Red -- Japanese early war code.
ENIGMA -- German code machine. Captured units by Poles and U-110 allowed reverse engineering.
MAGIC -- Top level Japanese cipher broken by the Allies. The Germans developed the Enigma code machine and the technique was shared with Japan. Both codes were broken by the Allies
who could read about 30% of the highest level messages often before the addressee. There were blank periods when the code was changed. And in Germany, communication about the Battle of the Bulge was done by courier and not transmitted by radio, so surprise was achieved. The distances in the Pacific assured that all communications were by radio, hence intercepted and sometimes decoded in time to be useful.
ULTRA -- ENIGMA decrypts in European theator.
PLANS
Pre-war plans for actions with each country were named for the color of the notebooks
they were kept in -- to 1939.
Orange -- pre-war Plan for war with Japan. The book for war with Japan was
in an orange binder.
Black - Germany , Blue - U.S. , Red - U.K. , Yellow - China , Brown - Phillipines , Green - Mexico , Purple - South American , Violet - Central American ,
Tan - Cuba , White - U.S. domestic uprising.
Rainbow I-V. -- The plans for a multiple front war - 1939 to 1941.
I. - defense of US alone ; II. - I with allies ; III. I against Orange ; IV. - defense of Western Hemisphere ; V. - Europe, Africa with allies.
| CONFERENCES
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|---|
| ABC | Washington Jan-Mar'41 -- joint planning
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| Riviera | Argentia (Newfloundland) Aug'41 -- Atlantic Charter
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| Arcadia | Wasington Dec'41-Jan'42 -- Germany First
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| Second | Washington Conference June'42 -- North Africa
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| Symbol | Casablanca Conference Jan'43 -- Unconditional
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| Trident | Washington May '43 -- Italy
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| Quadrant | Quebec Conference, Aug'43 -- set D-Day
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| Sextant | Cairo Conferences Nov'43 and Dec'43 -- delay Burma
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| Eureka | Teheran Conference, Nov'43 -- D-Day planning
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| Octagon | Quebec Sep'44 -- postwar German
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| Tolstoy | Moscow. Oct'44 -- divy up Europe
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| Cricket | Malta Jan-Feb'45 -- NW Europe
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| Argonaut | Yalta Conference Feb'45 (also Magneto) -- USSR to Japan
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| Terminal | Potsdam July-Aug'45 -- Germany agreement, unconditional Japan
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JAPANESE
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